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[ Home ](https://mdster.com) 2. [ Curriculum ](https://mdster.com/curriculum) 3. Neurology Neurology curriculum ====================== Master Your Neurology Boards. Advance with Confidence. Core Advanced Neurology Core Pathway ### Acute Care Foundations 212 questions #### Recognition, stabilization, and escalation 212 Addresses recognition and initial assessment of stroke, status epilepticus, central nervous system i... - Acute CNS infection - Complications 4 - Investigation safety 4 - Public-health measures 6 - Syndrome recognition 3 - Time-critical therapy 3 - Acute intracranial hemorrhage - Hemostatic assessment 4 - Neurosurgical emergencies 4 - Physiological stabilization 3 - Recognition and imaging 5 - Subarachnoid complications 5 - Acute ischemic stroke - Early deterioration 4 - Recognition 3 - Reperfusion screening 5 - Supportive care 6 - Time and imaging 3 - Acute metabolic and medication syndromes - Electrolyte emergencies 8 - Hyperthermic syndromes 4 - Pregnancy-associated emergencies 5 - Toxic exposures 4 - Withdrawal 5 - Acute weakness and respiratory risk - GBS recognition 3 - Localization 6 - Myasthenic crisis 5 - Other emergencies 8 - Respiratory assessment 3 - Coma and acute encephalopathy - Immediate investigations 4 - Seizure exclusion 3 - Serial reassessment 2 - Structural versus diffuse causes 3 - Targeted reversal 3 - Initial neurological emergency assessment - Escalation 5 - Immediate reversible causes 6 - Monitoring 3 - Primary survey 3 - Rapid history 3 - Intracranial pressure and traumatic emergencies - Emergency pressure treatment 6 - Hydrocephalus and shunt failure 3 - Initial measures 3 - Trauma assessment 6 - Warning signs 4 - Spinal and visual emergencies - Acute myelitis 4 - Acute visual loss 5 - Cauda equina syndrome 5 - Cord compression 6 - Painful ophthalmoplegia 5 - Status epilepticus - Cause and complications 4 - Immediate treatment 4 - Persistent seizures 3 - Recognition 3 - Second-line treatment 3 ### Basic Neurosciences 1,645 questions #### Acute Psychiatry 125 Psychiatric emergencies, rapid stabilization, safe environments, rapid tranquilization, and short-te... - Acute agitation and aggression management - Agitation etiologies and targeted treatment 5 - Rapid tranquilization: medication selection principles 4 - Restraint and seclusion 5 - Verbal de-escalation and behavioral strategies 5 - Acute management of medication toxicities and medical complications - Anticholinergic toxidrome 3 - Clozapine emergencies 4 - Lithium toxicity 4 - TCA overdose and QT/QRS issues 4 - Acute psychosis and mania - Acute antipsychotic treatment strategies 4 - Acute mania management 4 - First-episode psychosis emergency workup 4 - Psychotic depression and severe agitation with psychosis 4 - Delirium, catatonia, and altered mental status emergencies - Catatonia recognition and benzodiazepine challenge 5 - Delirium management 4 - Differentiating NMS, serotonin syndrome, malignant hyperthermia 4 - Emergency psychiatry triage and initial stabilization - ABCDE approach and medical clearance principles 4 - Delirium screening and differentiation 4 - Immediate safety and environment 4 - Inpatient admission, disposition, and legal thresholds - Capacity in emergencies 4 - Criteria for involuntary detention/treatment (general principles) 4 - Discharge planning from ED/inpatient 5 - Substance intoxication and withdrawal emergencies - Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens 5 - Cannabis, hallucinogens, and novel psychoactives 3 - Opioid intoxication and withdrawal 3 - Sedative-hypnotic withdrawal 4 - Stimulant intoxication 4 - Suicidal and self-harm emergencies - Non-suicidal self-injury vs suicidal behavior 4 - Post-attempt medical/psychiatric management 5 - Safety planning vs hospitalization decision-making 4 - Suicide risk stratification in the acute setting 5 #### Behavioral Sciences 137 Psychological theories, development across lifespan, sociocultural psychiatry, and behavioral mechan... - Family systems and group behavior - Family systems concepts 4 - Group dynamics and leadership 4 - Parenting styles and child outcomes 5 - Psychological assessment constructs (non-diagnostic) - Intelligence, achievement, and adaptive functioning constructs 5 - Personality testing overview 5 - Symptom rating and outcome measurement principles 4 - Cognition, emotion, and social behavior - Attention, memory, and executive function 5 - Decision-making and behavioral economics 3 - Emotion theory and regulation 4 - Social cognition and attribution 3 - Human development across the lifespan - Cognitive development and milestones 5 - Developmental stages and tasks 6 - Moral development and behavior 4 - Neurodevelopmental vulnerability and resilience 5 - Learning theory and behavior change - Behavioral activation and contingency management 4 - Classical and operant conditioning 5 - Exposure-based learning principles 5 - Health behavior change frameworks 5 - Social learning and modeling 4 - Personality, temperament, and individual differences - Attachment theory and adult attachment patterns 5 - Defense mechanisms and coping 4 - Temperament models 4 - Trait models of personality 5 - Sociocultural psychiatry and social determinants of health - Culture, identity, and explanatory models 4 - Migration, refugees, and acculturation 4 - Religion/spirituality in clinical care 4 - Social determinants (housing, income, education) 5 - Stigma, discrimination, and minority stress 5 - Stress, trauma, and resilience science - Acute and chronic stress physiology 4 - Resilience and post-traumatic growth (critical appraisal) 4 - Trauma and developmental impacts 4 #### Cellular and molecular neuroscience 144 Neuronal signaling, synaptic plasticity, and molecular mechanisms underpinning psychopathology and t... - Apoptosis, neurotoxicity, and oxidative stress - Excitotoxicity and NMDA/glutamate 4 - Oxidative stress mechanisms 4 - Glia, neuroinflammation, and the blood-brain barrier - Astrocytes and glutamate homeostasis 4 - BBB integrity and CNS drug penetration 3 - Microglia and cytokine signaling 4 - Neurodevelopment, genetics, and epigenetics - Gene-environment interaction and epigenetics 4 - Neurodevelopmental processes 5 - Pharmacogenomics and clinical caveats 4 - Prenatal/perinatal exposures and neuropsychiatric risk 4 - Psychiatric genetics fundamentals 4 - Neurodiagnostics for psychiatry (overview) - EEG and seizure/delirium evaluation 4 - Functional imaging basics (PET/SPECT/fMRI) 4 - Sleep studies and circadian assessment 5 - Structural imaging principles (CT/MRI) 4 - Neuroendocrine systems and stress physiology - HPA axis and cortisol dynamics 4 - Reproductive hormones across lifespan 4 - Thyroid axis and mood/cognition 5 - Neuronal membrane physiology and action potentials - Channelopathies and neuropsychiatric relevance 5 - Ion channels and excitability 4 - Synaptic integration and firing patterns 3 - Neuropathology and neuroimmunology relevant to psychiatry - Autoimmune encephalitis and related syndromes 3 - Demyelinating and inflammatory disorders 4 - Infectious causes and mimics 4 - Metabolic/toxic neuropathology relevant to psychiatry 5 - Neurodegenerative diseases with psychiatric presentations 5 - Neurotransmitters, receptors, and psychopharmacology mechanisms - Acetylcholine and cognition/delirium 4 - Dopamine systems 4 - Endocannabinoid and opioid systems 4 - Glutamate and GABA balance 4 - Histamine, orexin, and appetite/sedation 5 - Norepinephrine systems 5 - Serotonin systems 4 - Synaptic plasticity and learning - Long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) 4 - Memory systems and reconsolidation 3 - Neurotrophins and stress 4 #### Cellular, anatomical, developmental, and genetic foundations 217 Covers neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neural development, and elementary neurogeneti... - Brainstem, cerebellum, and cranial nerves - Cerebellar anatomy 6 - Cranial nerve organization 7 - Midbrain 5 - Pons and medulla 5 - Regional localization 1 - Cerebral and diencephalic anatomy - Basal ganglia 3 - Cortical organization 6 - Limbic structures 5 - Thalamus and hypothalamus 6 - White matter 4 - Membrane and synaptic physiology - Action potentials 5 - Membrane potentials 3 - Plasticity 5 - Postsynaptic integration 3 - Synaptic transmission 3 - Neural development - Brain patterning 5 - Connectivity 1 - Cortical development 6 - Maturation 4 - Neurulation 5 - Neural metabolism and muscle biology - Energy metabolism 6 - Lipid and protein processing 1 - Neuromuscular junction 6 - Skeletal muscle 6 - Vitamin-dependent pathways 6 - Neurogenetic principles - Genotype–phenotype relationships 1 - Inheritance 4 - Repeat disorders 5 - Testing foundations 5 - Variant mechanisms 5 - Neuronal and glial biology - Astrocytes 3 - Axonal injury and repair 1 - Microglia and immune surveillance 3 - Myelinating cells 4 - Neuronal compartments 5 - Neurotransmitters and receptors - Acetylcholine 4 - Dopamine 6 - Glutamate and GABA 4 - Neuromodulators 5 - Other monoamines 5 - Spinal cord and peripheral nerve anatomy - Brachial plexus 4 - Lumbosacral plexus 7 - Peripheral nerve microstructure 3 - Roots and meninges 4 - Spinal organization 1 - Vascular, meningeal, and cerebrospinal fluid anatomy - Arterial supply 6 - Barrier physiology 4 - Meninges and ventricles 6 - Spinal circulation 3 - Venous drainage 6 #### Clinical Psychopharmacology 167 Evidence-based prescribing principles, major psychotropic classes, monitoring, interactions, special... - Adverse drug reactions, toxidromes, and urgent syndromes - Hematologic, hepatic, and endocrine adverse effects 4 - Hyponatremia/SIADH 3 - QT prolongation and torsades risk 4 - Serotonin syndrome 4 - Withdrawal syndromes and rebound phenomena 5 - Antidepressants and augmentation strategies - Atypical antidepressants 5 - Augmentation options 4 - Rapid-acting antidepressant interventions (mechanisms/monitoring) 4 - SSRIs/SNRIs 5 - TCAs and MAOIs 5 - Antipsychotics (typical and atypical) - Adverse effects and monitoring 4 - Clozapine: indications and safety 5 - Long-acting injectables (LAIs) 4 - Mechanisms and receptor profiles 5 - NMS and other severe syndromes 4 - Anxiolytics, hypnotics, and related agents - Benzodiazepines 4 - Beta-blockers and adrenergic agents 5 - Buspirone and other non-sedative anxiolytics 4 - Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics and sedating agents 5 - Core prescribing principles (PK/PD, adherence, monitoring) - Adherence, shared decision-making, and deprescribing 4 - CYP450 and transporter interactions 4 - Pharmacodynamics fundamentals 4 - Pharmacokinetics fundamentals 5 - Therapeutic drug monitoring (psychiatry) 5 - Medications for substance use disorders (overview) - Alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy 4 - Opioid use disorder medications 5 - Tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy 4 - Mood stabilizers and bipolar pharmacotherapy - Antipsychotics for bipolar disorder 4 - Carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine 4 - Lamotrigine 3 - Lithium 5 - Valproate 4 - Special populations in psychopharmacology - Children/adolescents 4 - Older adults 4 - Pregnancy and lactation 4 - Renal/hepatic impairment and medically ill patients 5 - Stimulants, non-stimulants, and cognitive enhancers - ADHD pharmacotherapy in adults and youth (principles) 4 - Atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine 4 - Wake-promoting agents 4 #### Ethics and Law 108 Professionalism, ethical practice, confidentiality, consent/capacity, boundaries, documentation, div... - Clinician wellbeing, impairment, and professionalism - Burnout, moral injury, and impairment 4 - Supervision, trainee responsibilities, and escalation 4 - Telepsychiatry ethics and legal considerations (principles) - Licensure, jurisdiction, and prescribing controlled substances (awareness) 3 - Privacy, consent, and identity verification 3 - Boundary management and professional conduct - Financial boundaries and conflicts of interest 5 - Gifts, self-disclosure, and social media 4 - Sexual misconduct and dual relationships 5 - Confidentiality, privacy, and information sharing - Confidentiality fundamentals and limits 4 - Documentation and patient access to records 4 - Sharing information with family/caregivers 4 - Consent and decision-making capacity - Capacity assessment components 4 - Informed consent for treatment 3 - Substitute decision-making and guardianship concepts 4 - Core ethical principles and decision-making - Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice 4 - Ethical reasoning frameworks 4 - Professional virtues and fiduciary duty 4 - Cultural safety, diversity, and anti-discrimination ethics - Cultural humility and bias mitigation 4 - Working with marginalized groups ethically 4 - Documentation, billing integrity, and medico-legal risk - Fitness for duty, disability, and work letters 5 - High-risk documentation (suicide/violence, capacity, involuntary) 5 - Standard of care and negligence basics 4 - Duty to protect, warn, and public safety - Firearms and lethal means counseling (ethics/legal interface) 5 - Threats of violence and duty frameworks 4 - Involuntary assessment and treatment (civil mental health law principles) - Criteria and thresholds (generalizable) 4 - Patients' rights under involuntary care 5 - Treatment over objection and emergency exceptions 5 #### Evidence-Based Practice 95 Critical appraisal, statistics, applying evidence to care, guidelines, quality improvement, and pati... - Research ethics and governance - Informed consent and vulnerable populations 4 - IRB/ethics committees and data protection 3 - Publication ethics 4 - Teaching, scholarship, and lifelong learning skills - Appraising and presenting evidence 3 - Learning plans and reflective practice 4 - Applying evidence to individual patients - Clinical reasoning under uncertainty 3 - Measurement-based care 3 - Shared decision-making and values-based care 5 - Biostatistics and interpreting results - Confidence intervals and clinical significance 4 - Effect sizes and standardized measures 3 - Hypothesis testing 4 - Measures of frequency and association 4 - Clinical epidemiology and study designs - Observational studies 3 - Pragmatic trials and real-world evidence 4 - Qualitative research methods (overview) 3 - Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) 4 - Diagnostic test evaluation - Likelihood ratios and Bayesian reasoning 3 - Reliability and validity of rating scales 3 - Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values 4 - Quality improvement (QI) and patient safety - Medication safety in psychiatry 4 - Patient safety principles 5 - QI methods and tools 2 - Reducing restrictive interventions 4 - Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guideline appraisal - Clinical practice guidelines 4 - Meta-analysis interpretation 4 - Systematic review methodology 4 #### Neuroanatomy, networks, and circuits 85 Structural and functional neuroanatomy most relevant to psychiatric symptoms, syndromes, and neurops... - Spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Neurogenic bladder/bowel and psychotropic side effects 4 - Somatic symptom overlap with neurologic disease 5 - Sympathetic/parasympathetic physiology relevant to anxiety and panic 4 - Functional neurocircuitry of major psychiatric domains - Cognitive control networks 4 - Default mode network and self-referential processing 3 - Fear, threat, and anxiety circuits 5 - Reward, reinforcement, and motivation circuits 4 - Social cognition networks 4 - Neuroanatomical organization and localization - Basal ganglia and cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops 4 - Cerebellum and cognition/affect 4 - Cortical lobes and key functions 4 - Lateralization and interhemispheric connectivity 4 - Limbic system and salience processing 4 - Thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem 5 - Neuroanatomy of sleep and circadian rhythms - Circadian biology and mood 3 - REM/NREM neurophysiology and psychiatric relevance 4 - Sleep-wake regulatory systems 4 - Neurologic lesions and neuropsychiatric syndromes - Basal ganglia disorders and behavior 4 - Frontal syndromes 5 - Parietal/occipital syndromes with psychiatric mimics 3 - Temporal lobe epilepsy and psychiatric presentations 4 #### Psychiatric Assessment 159 Interviewing, mental status exam, risk assessment, formulation, and diagnostic procedures including... - Psychological and neuropsychological testing - Common symptom rating scales (selection and pitfalls) 4 - Indications for neuropsychological evaluation 4 - Interpretation fundamentals 4 - Case formulation and documentation - Biopsychosocial and cultural formulation 4 - Documentation standards and risk documentation 5 - Problem list, differential, and treatment plan writing 4 - Collateral information and longitudinal data synthesis - Family/caregiver collateral 3 - Records review and coordination across systems 4 - School/workplace collateral (with consent) 5 - Imaging, EEG, and specialized studies (indications and interpretation basics) - EEG indications 5 - Lumbar puncture indications (psychiatric context) 4 - Neuroimaging indications in psychiatric presentations 4 - Sleep studies and actigraphy indications 4 - Laboratory testing, toxicology, and biomarkers - Baseline labs for psychotropics and differential diagnosis 5 - Infectious and autoimmune workup when indicated 5 - Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) basics 5 - Toxicology testing (urine/serum) 5 - Medical and neurologic assessment in psychiatry - Differential diagnosis of altered mental status 5 - Focused neurologic exam and red flags 5 - Medication-induced psychiatric syndromes 5 - Physical exam screening relevant to psychiatry 5 - Mental status examination (MSE) and cognitive screening - Appearance, behavior, and psychomotor activity 4 - Brief cognitive tests 4 - Insight and judgment 4 - Mood, affect, and emotional reactivity 4 - Perception and cognition 3 - Speech and language 3 - Thought process and content 4 - Psychiatric interview structure and communication skills - Difficult interviews and de-escalation communication 4 - Eliciting symptoms and timeline 4 - Engagement, rapport, and agenda setting 3 - Substance use, medications, and iatrogenic factors 5 - Trauma-informed interviewing 4 - Working with interpreters and communication barriers 3 - Risk assessment and management planning - Risk in psychosis/mania and substance use 3 - Safeguarding: child/elder abuse 2 - Self-neglect and vulnerability 3 - Suicide risk assessment 4 - Violence risk assessment 4 #### Psychiatric Diagnosis 197 DSM/ICD-based classification, phenomenology, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, and diagnostic rea... - Somatic symptom and dissociative disorders - Dissociative disorders 5 - Factitious disorder and malingering differentiation 5 - Functional neurological symptom disorder 4 - Somatic symptom disorder vs illness anxiety disorder 5 - Anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma-related disorders - Adjustment disorders 4 - Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia 5 - Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders 4 - PTSD and acute stress disorder 4 - Social anxiety disorder and specific phobia 4 - Diagnostic systems and nosology (DSM/ICD principles) - Diagnostic bias and equity 4 - DSM-5-TR structure and diagnostic criteria use 4 - ICD principles and crosswalk concepts 3 - Reliability, validity, and limitations of categorical diagnosis 4 - Mood disorders (depressive and bipolar disorders) - Bipolar I/II and cyclothymic disorder 4 - Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder 4 - Peripartum mood disorders (diagnostic aspects) 5 - Seasonal pattern and circadian-related mood presentations 5 - Suicidality and mood disorders (diagnostic implications) 4 - Neurocognitive, sleep-wake, and feeding/eating disorders - Delirium and major/mild neurocognitive disorders (diagnostic) 5 - Eating disorders and differential 4 - Impulse-control and disruptive behavior disorders (adult relevance) 5 - Sleep-wake disorders 6 - Neurodevelopmental disorders (core diagnostic principles) - ADHD, ASD, intellectual disability 5 - Specific learning disorders and language disorders 5 - Tic disorders and Tourette syndrome 4 - Personality disorders and related constructs - Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy constructs 4 - Borderline personality disorder 4 - DSM personality disorder clusters and diagnostic approach 5 - Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder vs OCD 4 - Personality change due to another medical condition 4 - Psychopathology and descriptive phenomenology - Cognition, insight, and judgment 4 - Mood and affect 4 - Perceptual disturbances 6 - Self and identity disturbances 4 - Thought process and content abnormalities 5 - Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders - Brief psychotic disorder and schizophreniform disorder 3 - Catatonia (as specifier/standalone) 4 - Delusional disorder and shared psychotic disorder concepts 4 - Psychosis differential diagnosis (medical/substance/neurologic) 4 - Schizoaffective vs mood disorder with psychotic features 5 - Schizophrenia core features and diagnosis 4 - Substance-related and addictive disorders (diagnostic) - Gambling and behavioral addictions (classification) 4 - Intoxication and withdrawal syndromes (overview) 5 - Substance use disorder criteria and severity 4 - Substance/medication-induced mental disorders 5 #### Psychotherapy Principles 124 Foundational psychotherapy competencies, modality selection, alliance, boundaries, and integration w... - Group, couples, and family therapy (foundations) - Couples/family therapy principles 5 - Group therapy indications and contraindications 4 - Therapeutic factors in groups 5 - Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and related approaches - Communication analysis and interpersonal skills 4 - IPT problem areas and structure 4 - Psychodynamic psychotherapy fundamentals - Interpretation vs supportive-expressive balance 5 - Transference and countertransference basics 4 - Unconscious processes and conflict 5 - Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT/behavioral) - Behavioral interventions 5 - CBT model and case conceptualization 4 - Cognitive techniques 4 - Relapse prevention and maintenance planning 5 - Skills-based CBT variants 4 - Core psychotherapy skills and common factors - Boundaries and frame 5 - Confidentiality in psychotherapy 4 - Empathy, validation, and mentalizing stance 5 - Safety planning and risk in therapy 4 - Therapeutic alliance and engagement 5 - Crisis intervention and brief therapies - Brief solution-focused elements (overview) 3 - Crisis assessment and stabilization 4 - Grief counseling basics 4 - Integration of psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy and systems of care - Measurement-based care in psychotherapy 4 - Referral, coordination, and documentation 4 - Motivational interviewing (MI) - Managing ambivalence and resistance 3 - MI in substance use and adherence 4 - MI spirit and core skills 5 - Supportive psychotherapy - Indications and goals 4 - Strengthening defenses and functioning 4 - Techniques 4 #### Somatic Therapies 87 Nonpharmacologic somatic treatments including ECT and neuromodulation, plus light/chronotherapy and... - Biofeedback, relaxation, and neurofeedback (overview) - Biofeedback modalities 3 - Neurofeedback 4 - Chronotherapy and phototherapy - Bright light therapy 4 - Sleep phase interventions 3 - Wake therapy (sleep deprivation) (overview) 3 - Lifestyle and physical interventions as somatic adjuncts - Exercise and structured activity 4 - Mind-body and breathing interventions 4 - Other neuromodulation therapies - Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesioning procedures (overview) 4 - Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (overview) 3 - Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) 3 - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Adverse effects and management 4 - Consent and capacity issues in ECT 4 - Continuation/maintenance ECT planning 4 - Contraindications and medical risk assessment 4 - Indications and patient selection 4 - Procedure basics and stimulus dosing concepts 4 - Informed consent, capacity, and safety systems for somatic treatments - Consent discussions and documentation 4 - Device and procedure adverse event response 5 - Interdisciplinary coordination (anesthesia/medicine) 4 - Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) - Adverse effects and monitoring 3 - Contraindications and precautions 5 - Indications and efficacy overview 4 - Protocol parameters (high-level) 3 ### Clinical Assessment 204 questions #### History, examination, and clinical formulation 204 Develops neurological history-taking, examination, cognitive screening, syndrome recognition, and an... - Coordination, gait, and movement phenomenology - Functional movement signs 4 - Gait assessment 4 - Involuntary movements 1 - Limb coordination 3 - Stance and balance 4 - Cranial nerve examination - Bulbar and accessory function 4 - Face and trigeminal function 6 - Hearing and vestibular testing 6 - Ocular motility 5 - Vision 7 - Headache, facial pain, and dizziness assessment - Dizziness timing and triggers 5 - Facial pain 4 - Headache phenotype 3 - Headache red flags 5 - Targeted vestibular examination 3 - Integrated examination and presentation - Adapted examination 2 - Clinical communication 3 - Documentation and reassessment 2 - Focused versus complete examination 4 - Severity scales 1 - Mental status and cognitive examination - Attention and orientation 4 - Executive and visuospatial testing 4 - Language testing 4 - Memory testing 2 - Screening interpretation 5 - Motor examination and weakness - Functional motor signs 3 - Inspection and tone 5 - Pattern recognition 5 - Power testing 5 - Reflexes 5 - Neurological history and formulation - Clinical synthesis 3 - Collateral information 4 - Contextual history 3 - Symptom characterization 3 - Temporal profile 4 - Sensory examination - Cortical modalities 4 - Dissociated loss 5 - Distribution mapping 4 - Interpretive limitations 5 - Primary modalities 4 - Spinal, peripheral, and autonomic localization - Autonomic bedside testing 5 - Myelopathy 3 - Nerve and muscle disease 6 - Respiratory and bulbar assessment 4 - Root and plexus disease 4 - Transient events and altered consciousness - Coma examination 6 - Confusional states 5 - Event reconstruction 3 - Immediate risk assessment 5 - Seizure versus mimics 6 ### Clinical Neurology 455 questions #### Foundational neurological disorders 455 Introduces common presentations of cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, headache, movement disorders,... - CNS infection - Acute meningitis 1 - Chronic infection 1 - Encephalitis 4 - Focal infection 6 - Special infections 5 - Cognitive disorders and delirium - Alzheimer disease 4 - Care and safety 4 - Other dementias 5 - Syndromic assessment 3 - Treatable contributors 1 - Demyelinating and autoimmune CNS disease - Acute demyelination 5 - Autoimmune encephalitis 5 - Management principles 5 - Multiple sclerosis 5 - NMOSD and MOGAD 5 - Focal peripheral nerve and root disorders - Lower-limb neuropathies 9 - Plexopathy 6 - Radiculopathy 4 - Treatment and escalation 4 - Upper-limb entrapments 1 - Headache and facial pain - Medication overuse 5 - Migraine 4 - Neuralgia and neuropathic pain 1 - Other primary headaches 6 - Secondary headache 8 - Hemorrhagic and other vascular disorders - Cerebral venous thrombosis 4 - Intracerebral hemorrhage 4 - Malformations 1 - Subarachnoid hemorrhage 5 - Vasculopathies 6 - Hyperkinetic and ataxic disorders - Ataxia 6 - Chorea 7 - Dystonia 3 - Tics and myoclonus 4 - Tremor 6 - Ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack - Clinical syndromes 7 - Emergency assessment 5 - Etiologies 6 - Secondary prevention 5 - Treatment principles 4 - Metabolic, toxic, inherited, and systemic neurology - Developmental and neurocutaneous disease 6 - Inherited multisystem disorders 5 - Metabolic and nutritional disease 5 - Systemic inflammatory disease 4 - Toxic disorders 7 - Motor neuron disease - ALS phenotype 5 - Differential diagnosis 4 - Foundational care 7 - Investigations 4 - Related syndromes 1 - Muscle disease - Acquired myopathy 6 - Channelopathy and rhabdomyolysis 5 - Inflammatory myopathy 5 - Metabolic myopathy 5 - Muscular dystrophy 5 - Neuro-oncology - Diagnostic approach 4 - Management principles 6 - Presentation 3 - Primary tumors 6 - Secondary tumors 4 - Neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology - Central vestibular disease 5 - Diplopia 7 - Peripheral vestibular disease 4 - Pupil and disc disorders 4 - Visual loss 6 - Neuromuscular junction disorders - Diagnosis 4 - Lambert–Eaton syndrome 6 - Myasthenia gravis 4 - Other junctional disease 4 - Treatment and crisis 4 - Parkinsonism - Atypical syndromes 5 - Initial treatment 1 - Nonmotor complications 1 - Parkinson disease 4 - Secondary causes 5 - Peripheral neuropathy - Clinical patterns 4 - Common causes 7 - Inflammatory neuropathy 6 - Inherited neuropathy 5 - Management 5 - Psychiatric and functional neurological disorders - Functional neurological disorder 5 - Management 4 - Mood and anxiety 8 - Psychosis and catatonia 4 - Related presentations 3 - Seizures and epilepsy - Classification 6 - Common syndromes 5 - First seizure 4 - Management 3 - Safety 1 - Sleep and autonomic disorders - Cardiovascular dysautonomia 6 - Hypersomnolence and insomnia 1 - Sleep-disordered breathing 5 - Sleep-related movements 5 - Visceral dysautonomia 6 - Spinal disease and neurotrauma - Compressive spinal disease 6 - Head injury 5 - Noncompressive myelopathy 1 - Posttraumatic sequelae 5 - Structural abnormalities 4 ### Diagnostic Principles 208 questions #### Foundational neurological investigations 208 Introduces neuroimaging, electroencephalography, nerve conduction studies, electromyography, cerebro... - Specialized functional investigations - Autonomic studies 4 - Evoked potentials 5 - Neuropsychology 4 - Ophthalmic and vestibular tests 4 - Sleep studies 5 - Computed tomography - Acquisition principles 5 - Angiographic imaging 6 - Emergency interpretation 5 - Ischemic findings 4 - Safety and limitations 3 - Diagnostic reasoning and test selection - Bayesian interpretation 4 - Investigation sequencing 5 - Pretest probability 4 - Test performance 2 - Testing harms 3 - Electroencephalography - Clinical application 5 - Epileptiform findings 4 - Non-epileptiform abnormalities 4 - Normal patterns 4 - Recording principles 4 - Laboratory, genetic, and tissue investigations - Biopsy 4 - Genetic testing 3 - Immune and infectious tests 5 - Metabolic screening 5 - Toxicology 3 - Lumbar puncture and CSF analysis - Complications 3 - Indications and contraindications 5 - Routine interpretation 5 - Targeted studies 5 - Technique 3 - Magnetic resonance imaging - Basic sequences 4 - Diffusion imaging 1 - MRI safety 4 - Pattern recognition 5 - Susceptibility imaging 5 - Needle EMG and junctional testing - Localization 4 - Motor unit analysis 6 - Neuromuscular transmission 5 - Safety and timing 3 - Spontaneous activity 6 - Nerve conduction studies - Late responses 1 - Motor studies 3 - Pathological patterns 4 - Sensory studies 5 - Technical confounders 6 - Vascular and functional imaging - Angiography 5 - Nuclear imaging 5 - Perfusion imaging 3 - Specialized techniques 3 - Ultrasound 5 ### Disease Mechanisms 219 questions #### Mechanistic neuropathology 219 Covers vascular injury, inflammation, demyelination, infection, degeneration, neoplasia, trauma, and... - Genetic, channel, and neuromuscular mechanisms - Channel dysfunction 8 - Muscle injury 5 - Network dysfunction 6 - Storage disorders 7 - Synaptic transmission failure 6 - Hemorrhage, edema, and pressure - CSF disorders 4 - Edema types 5 - Hemorrhage mechanisms 6 - Herniation 6 - Intracranial dynamics 3 - Inflammation and autoimmunity - Antibody-mediated disease 3 - Granulomatous disease 4 - Immune activation 6 - Immune treatment complications 4 - Vascular inflammation 5 - Ischemia and hypoxia - Ischemic cascade 3 - Pathological evolution 3 - Perfusion failure 4 - Reperfusion injury 2 - Tissue compartments 1 - Metabolic, nutritional, and toxic injury - Energy failure 1 - Nutrient deficiency 6 - Osmotic injury 6 - Systemic metabolic injury 6 - Toxic mechanisms 6 - Myelin and axonal injury - Astrocytopathy 3 - Axonopathy 2 - CNS demyelination 3 - Inherited white-matter disease 7 - Peripheral demyelination 2 - Neoplasia and paraneoplastic injury - Integrated classification 4 - Metastatic disease 4 - Paraneoplastic mechanisms 4 - Treatment injury 5 - Tumor biology 4 - Neurodegeneration and protein misfolding - Cellular failure 5 - Pathological recognition 6 - Prion mechanisms 3 - Proteinopathies 6 - Selective vulnerability 5 - Neuroinfection - Host factors 4 - Meningeal infection 4 - Parenchymal infection 5 - Postinfectious injury 4 - Routes of invasion 1 - Traumatic nervous-system injury - Delayed consequences 4 - Peripheral injury 5 - Primary injury 3 - Secondary injury 6 - Spinal injury 4 ### Functional Neurobiology 213 questions #### Systems neuroscience and localization 213 Examines motor, sensory, autonomic, visual, vestibular, cognitive, and sleep systems. Learners apply... - Autonomic and hypothalamic function - Autonomic organization 7 - Cardiovascular regulation 4 - Homeostasis 4 - Neuroendocrine axes 6 - Visceral control 6 - Basal ganglia function - Dopaminergic modulation 3 - Hyperkinetic physiology 6 - Hypokinetic physiology 4 - Motor circuits 6 - Nonmotor circuits 2 - Cerebellar function and gait - Coordination 4 - Functional divisions 1 - Gait integration 1 - Gait localization 6 - Microcircuits 5 - Cognition, language, and behavior - Attention and executive function 4 - Emotion and social behavior 3 - Language networks 5 - Memory systems 4 - Praxis and recognition 4 - Consciousness and sleep - Arousal networks 3 - Consciousness disorders 5 - Sleep architecture 3 - Sleep regulation 1 - State-related phenomena 5 - Hearing, smell, taste, and bulbar function - Auditory pathways 5 - Chemical senses 6 - Hearing disorders 5 - Speech motor control 6 - Swallowing 4 - Ocular motor and vestibular systems - Eye movements 7 - Gaze pathways 6 - Integrated localization 5 - Nystagmus 1 - Vestibular physiology 5 - Somatosensation and pain - Ascending pathways 1 - Cortical sensation 5 - Pain modulation 4 - Peripheral encoding 3 - Sensory localization 5 - Visual and pupillary systems - Afferent vision 6 - Pupillary circuits 3 - Pupillary localization 6 - Visual fields 4 - Visual processing 5 - Voluntary motor control - Descending pathways 4 - Motor cortex 5 - Motor localization 3 - Motor units 2 - Tone and reflexes 5 ### Lifespan Neurology 230 questions #### Development, reproduction, aging, and transition 230 Introduces normal neurological development and aging, childhood neurological presentations, and age-... - Adolescence and transition - Education and participation 4 - Reproductive counseling 5 - Risk behavior 3 - Self-management 4 - Transfer planning 5 - Childhood seizures and episodic disorders - Adolescent epilepsies 1 - Childhood epilepsies 6 - Febrile seizures 1 - Infantile epilepsies 7 - Nonepileptic events 8 - Common pediatric neurological presentations - Ataxia and movement disorders 7 - Childhood stroke and inflammation 6 - Headache 6 - Safeguarding presentations 3 - Weakness 7 - Congenital, genetic, and neurocutaneous disorders - Chromosomal disorders 6 - Genetic counseling 5 - Inherited metabolic disease 6 - Neurocutaneous syndromes 5 - Structural malformations 4 - Developmental and neurobehavioral disorders - Attention and learning 5 - Autism spectrum disorder 5 - Cerebral palsy 5 - Intellectual disability 6 - Regression syndromes 1 - Neonatal neurology - Birth-related injury 4 - Hypotonic infant 4 - Neonatal encephalopathy 6 - Neonatal seizures 6 - Prematurity 1 - Neurological disease in older and disabled adults - Age-related disorders 5 - Atypical presentation 6 - Goal-concordant care 5 - Lifelong disability 4 - Support systems 4 - Normal aging and geriatric assessment - Assessment adaptation 3 - Falls 4 - Frailty 4 - Normal aging 4 - Polypharmacy 5 - Normal development and developmental assessment - Assessment context 4 - Delay versus regression 4 - Early intervention 2 - Infant examination 4 - Milestones 5 - Pregnancy and reproductive neurology - Epilepsy 6 - Inflammatory and neuromuscular disease 5 - Postpartum care 4 - Preconception planning 3 - Pregnancy-specific presentations 7 ### Professional Foundations 107 questions #### Core professional competencies 107 Covers communication, consent, confidentiality, teamwork, patient safety, and recognition of profess... - Confidentiality and information governance - Confidential information 2 - Exceptions 1 - Family communication 3 - Genetic privacy 1 - Consent and decision-making capacity - Capacity assessment 2 - Emergency care 2 - Supported decisions 2 - Surrogate decisions 4 - Valid consent 2 - Ethical reasoning - Conflicting values 4 - End-of-life foundations 4 - Ethical principles 4 - Treatment refusal 3 - Uncertain benefit 3 - Evidence-based medicine foundations - Application 3 - Bias 1 - Clinical questions 1 - Effect measures 4 - Patient safety and human factors - Diagnostic safety 4 - Medication safety 5 - Procedural safety 1 - Patient-centered communication - Consultation structure 4 - Difficult information 3 - Explanation 3 - Neurological communication barriers 4 - Prevention, equity, and public health - Disability rights 2 - Health advocacy 3 - Primary prevention 4 - Public safety 3 - Social determinants 2 - Professional accountability - Boundaries 3 - Documentation 2 - Scope and supervision 3 - Safeguarding and psychological safety - Abuse recognition 3 - Caregiver strain 3 - Suicide and self-harm 3 - Teamwork and handover - Escalation 3 - Team roles 1 - Transitions 2 ### Therapeutic Principles 215 questions #### Foundational treatment selection and safety 215 Covers neuropharmacology, medication selection, adverse effects, interactions, monitoring, and basic... - Anti-infective and oncological treatment principles - Antibacterial therapy 5 - Antiviral therapy 3 - Other antimicrobials 5 - Supportive treatment 4 - Tumor-directed therapy 4 - Antiseizure medications - Adverse effects 7 - Mechanisms 5 - Representative agents 5 - Selection 5 - Treatment planning 4 - Clinical neuropharmacology - CNS exposure 7 - Dose adjustment 5 - Interactions 5 - Medication safety 4 - Pharmacokinetics 5 - Cognitive, psychiatric, sleep, and autonomic treatments - Bladder and bowel symptoms 3 - Cognitive symptoms 3 - Orthostatic symptoms 3 - Psychiatric symptoms 5 - Sleep disorders 5 - Headache and neuropathic pain therapy - Acute migraine treatment 5 - Migraine prevention 6 - Neuropathic pain 5 - Nonpharmacological care 4 - Other primary headaches 4 - Immunotherapy principles - Corticosteroids 2 - Disease modification 1 - IV immunoglobulin 4 - Maintenance agents 5 - Plasma exchange 5 - Movement disorder pharmacology - Dopaminergic therapy 4 - Hyperkinetic treatments 4 - Nonmotor treatment 4 - Spasticity treatment 5 - Treatment complications 5 - Rehabilitation and supportive care - Communication and swallowing 3 - Complication prevention 5 - Motor rehabilitation 4 - Nutrition and respiratory care 4 - Participation 3 - Surgical referral and shared treatment planning - Epilepsy surgery 5 - Functional neurosurgery 4 - Peripheral procedures 5 - Shared decisions 4 - Urgent referral 1 - Vascular prevention and reperfusion principles - Anticoagulants 1 - Antiplatelets 4 - Procedural prevention 9 - Reperfusion 3 - Risk reduction 5 Neurology Advanced Pathway ### Advanced Diagnostic Practice 214 questions #### Integrated specialist investigation and interpretation 214 Develops integrated interpretation of complex imaging, electrophysiology, neuropathology, molecular... - Specialized physiological testing - Autonomic laboratory 5 - Movement physiology 4 - Sleep laboratory 4 - Vestibular laboratory 6 - Visual testing 7 - Advanced EEG and epilepsy monitoring - Critical-care EEG 4 - Electroclinical localization 6 - Intracranial recording 3 - Technical and interpretive error 5 - Video monitoring 3 - Advanced electrodiagnostic medicine - Complex neuropathy 4 - Motor neuron assessment 5 - Muscle and junctional disease 3 - Root and plexus localization 5 - Special techniques 6 - Advanced neuroradiological pattern analysis - Enhancement patterns 6 - Gray-matter patterns 5 - Quantitative and advanced MRI 1 - Serial interpretation 1 - White-matter patterns 5 - Cognitive biomarkers and neuropsychology - Domain profiles 4 - Fluid biomarkers 4 - Functional imaging 4 - Integrated diagnosis 4 - Psychometrics 5 - CSF biomarkers and infectious diagnostics - Compartmental inflammation 3 - Degenerative biomarkers 6 - Infectious testing 6 - Interpretive pitfalls 5 - Malignant disease 5 - Diagnostic uncertainty and complex integration - Communication 4 - Diagnostic stewardship 4 - Discordant findings 1 - Functional diagnosis 3 - Undiagnosed syndromes 3 - Molecular and neurogenetic diagnostics - Assay selection 4 - Counseling 4 - Mitochondrial testing 3 - Negative results 4 - Variant interpretation 3 - Neuropathology and tissue diagnosis - CNS histopathology 5 - Muscle biopsy 5 - Nerve and skin biopsy 5 - Procedure planning 5 - Tumor pathology 1 - Vascular and interventional diagnostics - Acute stroke imaging 4 - Catheter angiography 8 - Occult vascular lesions 5 - Ultrasound integration 4 - Vessel-wall imaging 5 ### Advanced Therapeutics 397 questions #### High-Risk Medication Management & Monitoring 46 Therapeutic reasoning under complexity, toxicity mitigation, and balancing benefit/harm. - Biologic therapies (deep safety) - Infusion reactions and hypersensitivity 3 - Long-term monitoring 3 - Managing serious infections on biologics 3 - Pre-treatment evaluation and vaccination 3 - Complex heart failure therapeutics - Advanced devices and palliative transitions 3 - Atrial fibrillation in HF 2 - Diuretic resistance 3 - GDMT optimization under constraints 3 - Multimorbidity and competing guideline targets - Benefit–harm assessment 3 - Deprescribing and simplification at scale 3 - High-risk transitions (hospital to home) 3 - Therapeutic monitoring plans 3 - Therapeutics in advanced CKD and dialysis - Antibiotic dosing on RRT 3 - Anticoagulation in CKD/ESRD 2 - Diabetes management in CKD 3 - Pain and sedation in CKD 3 #### Multimorbidity and Frailty 34 Complex chronic disease trajectories, geriatric syndromes, polypharmacy, and goals-of-care integrati... - Special Populations - Caregiver burden and social support 2 - Dementia and medical decision-making 3 - Geriatric oncology (overview) 4 - Palliative integration for chronic organ failure 4 - Complex chronic disease clustering - Cancer survivorship with multimorbidity 3 - Cirrhosis + renal dysfunction + malnutrition 3 - COPD + HF + sleep apnea overlap 3 - Diabetes + CKD + HF interplay 2 - Frailty-focused acute care decisions - Avoiding iatrogenesis 2 - Delirium prevention in high-risk patients 3 - Falls prevention programs 2 - ICU admission and escalation decisions 3 #### Procedural and Perioperative Care 23 Procedure competence, periop optimization in complex patients, and complication management. - Advanced perioperative risk management - High-risk cardiac conditions 4 - Periop anticoagulation in high thrombotic risk 3 - Periop diabetes and obesity considerations 2 - Pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure periop 2 - Complication-aware procedural practice - Arterial blood gas and arterial line basics (overview) 3 - Lumbar puncture and anticoagulation management 3 - Thoracentesis/paracentesis complications management 3 - Ultrasound-guided procedures (POCUS integration) 3 #### Professionalism and Ethics 21 High-stakes communication, medico-legal principles, and ethical complexity in advanced practice. - Complex goals-of-care conversations - Managing conflict with families 2 - Moral distress and clinician support 3 - Serious illness communication 3 - Time-limited trials and ICU decisions 3 - Consent and capacity in high-risk settings - Advance directives interpretation under uncertainty 2 - Cultural and language barriers 3 - Emergency exceptions to consent 2 - Refusal of care 3 #### Scholarship and Education 20 Advanced teaching and scholarship integrated into clinical leadership roles. - Designing curricula and assessments - Assessment methods 3 - Feedback systems at program level 3 - Learning objectives and alignment 2 - Standard setting concepts (overview) 2 - Clinical scholarship and guideline implementation - Academic integrity and authorship 3 - Guideline interpretation and local adaptation 2 - Journal club leadership 2 - Teaching diagnostic reasoning 3 #### Special Populations 43 Physiology/risk-specific care: pregnancy interfaces, immunocompromised, adolescents, occupational/tr... - Complex care in pregnancy (IM interface) - Autoimmune disease in pregnancy 3 - Cardiac disease and pregnancy (overview) 3 - Thyroid disease and pregnancy 3 - VTE and thrombophilia 3 - Occupational and travel medicine (advanced) - Mass gathering medicine (overview) 4 - Return-to-work and disability 2 - Tropical medicine red flags 3 - Work-related lung and skin disease 2 - Health equity and culturally safe care - Care for migrants and refugees (overview) 3 - Reducing disparities in chronic disease outcomes 2 - Trauma-informed care and stigma reduction 2 - Working with interpreters and low health literacy 3 - Immunocompromised hosts (advanced) - Biologic therapies and latent infections 3 - HIV with complex comorbidities 2 - Post-transplant infectious syndromes (overview) 2 - Vaccination strategy in immunocompromise 3 #### Systems Leadership and Quality 22 Leading teams, managing services, and delivering high-reliability, high-value care. - Service management and patient flow - Capacity and throughput 3 - Handoffs across services 3 - Resource stewardship 3 - Safety culture and speaking up 2 - Leading QI projects in clinical services - Change management 3 - Choosing an aim and measures 3 - Data interpretation 2 - Spreading improvements 3 #### Treatment escalation and specialist interventions 188 Addresses treatment escalation, combination therapy, disease-modifying interventions, and management... - Advanced cerebrovascular treatment - Complex antithrombotics 4 - Complex prevention 3 - Hemorrhage interventions 1 - Reperfusion selection 5 - Revascularization 6 - Advanced headache and pain interventions - Complex pain rehabilitation 5 - CSF pressure interventions 4 - Procedural treatment 4 - Refractory migraine 3 - Trigeminal neuralgia procedures 6 - Advanced movement disorder interventions - Ablative and focal treatment 4 - Complex symptom management 5 - Continuous dopaminergic delivery 2 - DBS selection 4 - Programming and complications 3 - Advanced neuroimmunotherapy - MS strategy 3 - NMOSD and related disease 4 - Refractory immune disease 1 - Risk mitigation 6 - Treatment classes 7 - Advanced neuromuscular therapeutics - Immune neuropathy 6 - Inherited disease modification 6 - Motor neuron and muscular dystrophy therapy 1 - Myasthenia 4 - Specialist safety 3 - Cognitive and neuropsychiatric therapeutics - Behavioral symptoms 4 - Disease-modifying dementia therapy 3 - Functional neurological treatment 3 - Severe psychiatric comorbidity 4 - Symptomatic cognitive treatment 1 - Neuro-oncological and anti-infective treatment - Complex CNS infection 5 - Molecular and immune therapy 5 - Opportunistic disease 1 - Supportive treatment 1 - Tumor-specific therapy 5 - Precision prescribing and treatment governance - Complex interactions 5 - Pharmacogenomics 2 - Regulatory and evidence context 4 - Special-population dosing 3 - Treatment evaluation 3 - Refractory epilepsy treatment - Dietary and precision therapy 4 - Disconnection procedures 3 - Neuromodulation 5 - Rational pharmacotherapy 4 - Resective and ablative surgery 3 - Specialist rehabilitation and restorative interventions - Communication support 2 - Neuro-urological treatment 4 - Respiratory and nutritional devices 4 - Spasticity procedures 6 - Technology-assisted rehabilitation 4 ### Clinical Subspecialties 898 questions #### Communication and Collaboration 41 Advanced communication performance in conflict, uncertainty, and interprofessional teamwork. - Communicating uncertainty and shared decision-making (advanced) - Challenging behaviors and de-escalation 3 - Culturally safe and equitable communication 4 - Discharge communication excellence 3 - Informed refusal and capacity under stress 2 - Risk communication techniques 3 - Delivering bad news and death notification - After-death care and support 2 - Conflict and blame prevention 2 - Family presence and cultural considerations 4 - Personal resilience and support 3 - Structured approach and empathy 3 - Managing conflict with consultants and teams - Documenting disagreements 2 - Escalation frameworks 3 - High-stakes handoffs 3 - Negotiating shared plans 2 - Team dynamics in resuscitation 2 #### Integrated specialist neurological disease 507 Integrates vascular neurology, epilepsy, movement disorders, neuromuscular medicine, cognitive neuro... - Adult neurogenetic and metabolic syndromes - Adult leukodystrophy 4 - Metal and small-molecule disorders 6 - Mitochondrial disease 6 - Neurocutaneous and tumor syndromes 6 - Treatable storage disorders 5 - Advanced cognitive and behavioral neurology - Atypical Alzheimer phenotypes 5 - Frontotemporal degeneration 5 - Lewy body and vascular cognition 5 - Rapidly progressive dementia 6 - Rare cognitive syndromes 4 - Advanced headache and craniofacial pain - Complex facial and central pain 5 - Complex migraine 6 - Other primary headaches 6 - Pressure disorders 6 - Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias 6 - Advanced myology - Channelopathies 1 - Congenital and structural myopathies 4 - Dystrophies 10 - Immune myopathies 7 - Metabolic myopathies 5 - Advanced neuro-oncology - Adult primary tumors 5 - Complications 7 - Metastatic disease 5 - Pediatric and rare tumors 6 - Treatment response 2 - Advanced neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology - Complex vestibular disease 5 - Ocular motor syndromes 5 - Optic neuropathies 6 - Persistent dizziness 1 - Visual processing disorders 5 - Advanced neuroinfection - Bacterial and spirochetal disease 9 - Fungal and parasitic disease 7 - Immunodeficiency 5 - Unusual and chronic syndromes 6 - Viral disease 7 - Advanced neuromuscular junction disease - Congenital syndromes 4 - LEMS 4 - Myasthenia subtypes 5 - Refractory disease 3 - Toxic and immune complications 7 - Advanced parkinsonism - Advanced care selection 4 - Genetic disease 4 - Motor complications 5 - Neuropsychiatric complications 5 - Phenotypic differentiation 6 - Advanced sleep and autonomic neurology - Autonomic failure 6 - Central hypersomnolence 5 - Complex autonomic syndromes 4 - Parasomnias 5 - Sleep-related breathing and movement 6 - Ataxia and hereditary spastic syndromes - Acquired ataxia 1 - Complex spastic paraplegia 4 - Dominant ataxias 5 - Recessive ataxias 6 - Targeted evaluation 4 - Autoimmune and paraneoplastic neurology - Diagnostic and treatment integration 4 - Intracellular-antigen syndromes 5 - Other immune syndromes 6 - Surface-antibody encephalitis 7 - Systemic inflammation 5 - Chorea, dystonia, tremor, tics, and myoclonus - Chorea syndromes 6 - Dystonia syndromes 5 - Myoclonus and paroxysmal dyskinesia 5 - Tics and stereotypies 4 - Tremor syndromes 5 - Complex cerebrovascular disease - Hemorrhagic disease 6 - Inflammatory and noninflammatory arteriopathy 6 - Inherited vasculopathy 4 - Unusual ischemic mechanisms 7 - Venous and spinal vascular disease 4 - Complex neuropsychiatry and functional disorders - Behavioral syndromes 1 - Coexisting disease 4 - Functional neurological phenotypes 4 - Integrated treatment 4 - Neuropsychiatric differential 6 - Focal and drug-resistant epilepsy - Complex management 5 - Drug resistance 3 - Etiological diagnosis 5 - Localization 6 - Presurgical evaluation 5 - Genetic and developmental epilepsies - Developmental epileptic encephalopathies 4 - Neonatal and infantile syndromes 4 - Rare syndromes 8 - Sleep-activated epilepsies 5 - Treatable metabolic epilepsies 6 - Immune and acquired peripheral neuropathies - CIDP spectrum 6 - GBS spectrum 5 - Motor and nodal disorders 4 - Other acquired neuropathies 6 - Paraproteinemic disease 6 - Inherited neuropathy and motor neuron disorders - ALS spectrum 3 - Amyloid neuropathy 4 - Inherited neuropathies 7 - Other motor neuron disease 7 - Treatable mimics and care 4 - Multiple sclerosis and inflammatory demyelination - Diagnostic complexity 5 - Disease activity 4 - MOGAD 6 - NMOSD 5 - Unusual inflammatory disease 4 #### Medical Toxicology (Advanced) 83 Complex overdose management, uncommon tox syndromes, and antidote escalation decisions. - Envenomation and exotic exposures - Marine envenomation and toxin fish (awareness) 4 - Plant and chemical exposures (awareness) 3 - Public health and consultation 2 - Snakebite management 3 - Spider/scorpion and arthropod syndromes (awareness) 3 - Sports Medicine and Environmental/Undersea Medicine (Advanced) - Altitude illness awareness 3 - Concussion and return-to-play/return-to-learn 4 - Diving and decompression illness awareness 2 - Exertional heat illness in athletes 3 - Hyperbaric indications and transfer coordination 2 - Complex mixed overdoses and tox consultation - Advanced diagnostics and monitoring 3 - Disposition planning 3 - Documentation and poison center collaboration 2 - Escalation therapies awareness 4 - Pattern recognition in mixed toxidromes 3 - Neurocritical Care and Stroke Systems (Advanced) - Intracerebral hemorrhage management details 2 - Large vessel occlusion (LVO) identification and pathway 3 - Refractory status epilepticus (advanced awareness) 2 - Sedation and neuro exam balance 2 - Subarachnoid hemorrhage and vasospasm awareness 3 - Pain Medicine and Substance Use Care (Advanced) - Chronic pain, frequent visitors, and care plans 3 - Complex pain and opioid-tolerant patients 3 - Ethical prescribing and safety 2 - Opioid use disorder (OUD) ED initiation pathways 2 - Regional anesthesia expansion 2 - Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Advanced) - Congenital heart disease emergencies (awareness) 3 - Critically ill child approach 3 - Pediatric respiratory failure and ventilation 3 - Pediatric sepsis and meningitis 3 - Pediatric trauma and safeguarding 3 #### Prehospital and Disaster 46 EMS medical direction, transfer medicine, and major incident management. - EMS medical direction and protocol oversight - Documentation and medico-legal interface 3 - Field triage and destination decisions 4 - Online medical control communication 3 - Protocol development principles 2 - Safety and scene considerations 3 - Interfacility transfer and retrieval medicine - Choosing transport modality and team 3 - Special transfers 4 - Stabilization before transfer 3 - Transfer documentation and handoff 3 - Transport risks and mitigation 2 - Mass casualty incidents (MCI) and disaster triage - CBRN and hazmat response basics 3 - Incident command principles 4 - MCI triage systems awareness 3 - Public health emergencies and outbreaks 3 - Surge capacity and ED operations in disasters 3 #### Professionalism and Ethics 50 High-stakes professional practice: law interfaces, privacy, restraint, reporting, and ethical resour... - Ethics of resource scarcity and triage - Bias mitigation in triage decisions 2 - Communication with patients/families 2 - Crisis standards of care awareness 2 - ED boarding and competing priorities 2 - MCI ethical dilemmas 2 - Privacy, confidentiality, and information sharing - Digital documentation and imaging 3 - ED confidentiality principles 3 - Ethical pitfalls 3 - Law enforcement interface 3 - Mandatory disclosures (exceptions) awareness 3 - Capacity, consent, and refusal in complex cases - Capacity in intoxication and delirium 3 - Documentation for legal scrutiny 2 - Minors and confidential care 2 - Refusal of lifesaving care 3 - Surrogate conflict and family disputes 2 - Restraint, agitation, and mental health law interfaces - Disposition and continuity 2 - Least-restrictive intervention framework 3 - Legal holds and documentation (contextual) 2 - Medical evaluation of agitation 3 - Monitoring and complications 3 #### Scholarship and Education 58 Evidence-based practice, research literacy, teaching, assessment, and lifelong learning/CPD. - Scholarship, research methods, and ethics - Academic professionalism 3 - CPD and lifelong learning 4 - Knowledge translation and dissemination 4 - Protocol and project design basics 2 - Research ethics and consent 3 - Guideline implementation and quality improvement (QI) - Equity-focused QI 2 - Patient safety event analysis 3 - QI methods and measurement 2 - Sustaining change 3 - Translating guidelines into pathways 3 - Teaching and feedback in Emergency Medicine - Assessment literacy (boards/orals/OSCE) 3 - Bedside teaching models 3 - Feedback and coaching skills 3 - Procedural teaching and supervision 3 - Simulation-based education 4 - Critical appraisal and clinical epidemiology (advanced) - Applying evidence at bedside 2 - Diagnostic studies and prediction rules 3 - Interpreting RCTs and pragmatic trials 3 - Observational studies and causal inference 2 - Systematic reviews/meta-analysis interpretation 3 #### Special Populations (Advanced) 70 High-complexity scenarios in pregnancy, pediatrics, geriatrics, immunocompromised, and palliative ca... - Palliative care and end-of-life emergencies - Communication skills 3 - Disposition planning 2 - Ethical dilemmas and conflict 2 - Rapid goals-of-care conversations 3 - Symptom control in ED 3 - Critically ill neonate/child (advanced) - Complex safeguarding cases 3 - Family communication under crisis 3 - Neonatal resuscitation crossover essentials 2 - Pediatric airway failure and RSI nuances 3 - Pediatric shock and sepsis escalation 2 - Geriatric critical illness and anticoagulation complications - Delirium and agitation in elderly (advanced) 3 - DOAC/warfarin bleeding and reversal decisions 3 - Elder abuse and neglect complex cases 3 - End-of-life in older adults 3 - Falls with occult injury and frailty 3 - High-risk pregnancy resuscitation and emergencies - Disposition and medico-legal communication 4 - Eclampsia and severe preeclampsia crisis 3 - Obstetric hemorrhage initial management 3 - Perimortem cesarean delivery awareness 2 - Pregnancy airway and ventilation challenges 3 - Immunocompromised/oncology/transplant emergencies (advanced) - Advanced hematologic emergencies 3 - Disposition and infection control 3 - Neutropenic sepsis escalation 3 - Oncologic airway/SVC syndrome awareness 2 - Transplant complications awareness 3 #### Systems Leadership 43 ED flow, governance, quality improvement, and leading multidisciplinary teams during routine and sur... - Leading teams and managing performance - Conflict resolution and professionalism enforcement 2 - Equity and inclusion leadership 3 - Surge events leadership 3 - Teaching and supervision in a busy ED 4 - Team leadership behaviors 2 - Clinical governance and risk management - Credentialing, supervision, and scope management 3 - Guideline implementation and standardization 3 - Incident review and root cause analysis (RCA) concepts 2 - Managing complaints and adverse events 3 - Medicolegal risk mitigation 3 - ED flow and crowding mitigation - Communication during surge 3 - Input-throughput-output framework 3 - Metrics and performance dashboards (awareness) 3 - Operational prioritization and resource allocation 3 - Safety in crowding 3 ### Consultative Neurology 216 questions #### Neurology across medical and surgical services 216 Addresses neurological complications of systemic illness, malignancy, infection, metabolic disturban... - Cardiac and vascular systemic disease - Cardiac procedures 4 - Cardioembolism 6 - Endocarditis 1 - Mechanical circulatory support 2 - Syncope 4 - Consultation method and perioperative neurology - Consultation framing 2 - Medication continuity 2 - Postoperative deficits 6 - Preoperative risk 8 - Team coordination 2 - Endocrine, electrolyte, and nutritional disease - Electrolytes 7 - Endocrine syndromes 7 - Glucose disorders 5 - Malabsorption and bariatric surgery 6 - Nutritional deficiency 8 - Hematological and oncological consultation - Cancer-related syndromes 5 - Hematological emergencies 4 - Immune and cellular therapy 5 - Sickle cell disease 4 - Treatment neurotoxicity 6 - Hospital encephalopathy and behavioral disturbance - Agitation 5 - Consultation plan 4 - Delirium 1 - Neurological mimics 6 - Psychiatric overlap 6 - Immunocompromised and transplant patients - Drug toxicity 3 - Host-based differential 3 - Integrated management 4 - Malignancy 4 - Opportunistic infection 6 - Pulmonary, renal, and hepatic disease - Dialysis 4 - Hepatic disease 5 - Renal failure 1 - Respiratory failure 1 - Transplant-related physiology 5 - Rheumatological and inflammatory disease - Connective tissue disease 6 - Granulomatous disease 4 - Thromboinflammation 5 - Treatment attribution 2 - Vasculitis 4 - Special inpatient and procedural complications - Discharge and follow-up 2 - Infectious systemic disease 4 - Obstetric consultation 7 - Positioning and compression injury 4 - Spinal and neuraxial complications 1 - Toxicology and medication-induced neurology - Common medication effects 6 - Environmental exposure 6 - Exposure management 2 - Recreational substances 6 - Serious drug syndromes 5 ### Longitudinal Care 183 questions #### Recovery, prevention, disability, and participation 183 Covers rehabilitation, disability assessment, recurrence prevention, symptom control, and support fo... - Caregiver support and progressive disease planning - Advance planning 5 - Caregiver assessment 2 - Education 4 - Palliative integration 3 - Support services 3 - Chronic symptoms and autonomic care - Bladder and bowel 5 - Fatigue 4 - Pain 4 - Sexual function 4 - Sleep and orthostasis 4 - Cognitive, communication, and behavioral rehabilitation - Behavioral management 3 - Cognitive strategies 1 - Communication access 3 - Functional assessment 3 - Mood and adjustment 4 - Disability, vocation, and community participation - Disability assessment 4 - Driving 2 - Lifestyle participation 3 - Social support 4 - Vocational rehabilitation 3 - Disease-specific surveillance and prevention - Epilepsy 3 - Neurodegeneration 4 - Neuroimmune disease 5 - Neuromuscular disease 5 - Vascular disease 3 - Longitudinal care planning - Baseline assessment 3 - Care transitions 6 - Monitoring 3 - Multidisciplinary coordination 2 - Shared goals 2 - Mobility, spasticity, and falls - Equipment 4 - Falls prevention 5 - Gait rehabilitation 4 - Spasticity assessment 2 - Treatment 4 - Secondary complication prevention - Bone health 5 - Hospital avoidance 2 - Immobility complications 4 - Infection prevention 5 - Medication harm 5 - Stroke and brain injury rehabilitation - Cognitive and behavioral recovery 4 - Communication 4 - Community reintegration 4 - Complications 7 - Motor recovery 3 - Swallowing, nutrition, and respiratory support - Airway clearance 3 - Dysphagia 4 - Feeding options 4 - Nutritional monitoring 3 - Ventilatory failure 3 ### Neurocritical Care 198 questions #### Neurological intensive care 198 Covers severe stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, refractory status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury... - Coma and neuroprognostication - Communication 4 - Confounder exclusion 3 - Disorders of consciousness 1 - Multimodal prognosis 5 - Post-cardiac arrest care 3 - Death by neurological criteria and critical-care ethics - Ancillary testing 5 - Apnea testing 5 - Clinical examination 5 - Ethical and legal practice 4 - Prerequisites 4 - Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage - Aneurysm management 4 - Delayed cerebral ischemia 3 - Hematoma management 1 - Hydrocephalus 3 - Systemic effects 4 - Intracranial pressure and multimodal monitoring - Additional modalities 5 - Complications 4 - Monitoring 5 - Refractory pressure 4 - Tiered treatment 5 - Neuromuscular respiratory failure - GBS intensive care 3 - ICU-acquired weakness 4 - Myasthenic crisis 4 - Other causes 4 - Ventilator liberation 1 - Physiological support and ventilation - Airway management 3 - General ICU care 1 - Hemodynamics 4 - Mechanical ventilation 6 - Sedation and analgesia 5 - Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus - Adjunctive strategies 4 - Anesthetic therapy 4 - Continuous EEG 3 - Etiological investigation 3 - Treatment complications 5 - Severe infection, inflammation, and toxic-metabolic disease - Electrolyte and endocrine crises 6 - Fulminant infection 6 - Iatrogenic immune neurotoxicity 4 - Severe autoimmune disease 4 - Toxic syndromes 6 - Severe ischemic stroke - Large hemispheric infarction 1 - Posterior fossa stroke 4 - Postreperfusion care 5 - Prognosis and goals 5 - Systemic complications 5 - Traumatic brain and spinal cord injury - Acute spinal injury 1 - Complications 5 - Physiological targets 5 - Recovery assessment 4 - Severe TBI 6 ### Palliative Neurology 158 questions #### Goal-concordant care in life-limiting neurological disease 158 Addresses symptom burden, goals of care, advance care planning, and end-of-life decisions in life-li... - Advance care planning and capacity - Decision support 3 - Early planning 3 - Emergency accessibility 2 - Surrogates and directives 3 - Treatment preferences 5 - Breathlessness and ventilatory decisions - Invasive ventilation 4 - Noninvasive ventilation 3 - Respiratory assessment 3 - Symptom relief 2 - Withdrawal planning 4 - Cognitive, psychiatric, and existential distress - Behavioral distress 4 - Delirium 3 - Existential concerns 2 - Mood and anxiety 4 - Refractory suffering 2 - Disease-specific neuropalliative care - ALS and neuromuscular disease 5 - Brain tumors and severe MS 7 - Catastrophic brain injury 4 - Dementia 4 - Movement disorders 4 - Dysphagia, hydration, and nutrition - Assisted oral intake 3 - Enteral feeding decisions 4 - Ethical reasoning 1 - Hydration decisions 2 - Swallowing burden 4 - Family support, bereavement, and service ethics - Anticipatory grief 2 - Caregiver burden 2 - Conflict and moral distress 3 - Equitable access 3 - Last days of life and treatment withdrawal - Anticipatory care 3 - Care after death 2 - Recognition 3 - Withdrawal of treatment 3 - Pain, spasticity, and other physical distress - Analgesia 3 - Pain assessment 3 - Secretions and bowel symptoms 5 - Skin and mobility 4 - Spasticity and dystonia 4 - Palliative assessment and integration - Care coordination 3 - Concurrent care 2 - Disease trajectories 4 - Needs assessment 3 - Referral triggers 3 - Serious illness communication - Communication impairment 3 - Family meetings 6 - Hope and realism 4 - Prognostic discussion 3 - Values exploration 2 ### Professional Practice 397 questions #### Communication, Teamwork, and Patient-Centered Care 26 Core communication behaviors, empathy under pressure, and effective teamwork. - Patient-centered communication in the ED - Agenda setting and expectation management 3 - Communicating uncertainty and risk 3 - Cross-cultural communication 3 - Delivering difficult news (foundational) 2 - Managing challenging interactions 3 - Teamwork and leadership basics - Closed-loop communication 2 - Conflict management basics 2 - Debriefing and reflective practice (intro) 2 - Handover and transitions 3 - Situational awareness and workload management 3 #### Ethics, Consent, and Legal Interfaces 39 Foundational professional obligations, capacity, consent, and ED medicolegal responsibilities. - Consent and decision-making capacity - Capacity assessment framework 2 - Informed consent in the ED 3 - Refusal of care and AMA discharge 2 - Resuscitation status and goals-of-care basics 3 - Surrogate decision-makers and minors 4 - Documentation Standards and Risk Management - Avoiding biased/stigmatizing language 2 - Handover documentation 3 - Medical decision making (MDM) clarity 3 - Procedure documentation 2 - Results follow-up and callbacks 3 - Mandatory reporting and safeguarding duties - Child abuse reporting 2 - Death certification and coroner/ME interface (awareness) 2 - Fitness to drive/duty to warn (contextual awareness) 2 - Reportable infectious diseases (awareness) 2 - Sexual assault and IPV documentation 4 #### Ethics, law, and professional responsibilities 90 Consent/assent, confidentiality, decision-making standards, safeguarding/reporting obligations, and... - Research literacy and statistics for clinicians - Critical appraisal of medical literature 3 - Data safety and privacy (overview) 3 - Ethics in research and publication 3 - Interpreting common statistical outputs 4 - Practice improvement through audit (overview) 3 - Child protection duties and reporting (core professional practice) - Communication with caregivers in suspected abuse 2 - Mandatory reporting principles 3 - Medical mimics and avoiding diagnostic error 4 - Professional boundaries and self-care after difficult cases 3 - Recognizing possible abuse and neglect (overview) 3 - Communication skills and professionalism - Conflict resolution and teamwork 3 - Cultural humility and cross-cultural communication 3 - Delivering difficult news and serious illness communication 3 - Documentation and medicolegal quality 3 - Professionalism lapses and remediation awareness 3 - Confidentiality and privacy in adolescent care - Creating confidential time in visits 3 - Electronic communication professionalism 3 - Information sharing with schools and agencies 2 - Mandatory disclosure exceptions 2 - Sensitive services (sexual health, mental health, substance use) 2 - Consent, assent, and capacity in pediatrics - Mature minor and emancipated minor concepts (jurisdiction-dependent) 3 - Parental permission vs child assent 4 - Refusal of treatment and best interest standard 3 - Research consent in minors (overview) 3 - Shared decision-making and informed consent elements 4 - Quality, safety, and clinical governance - Error disclosure and apology 3 - Infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship (professional practice) 3 - Medication and diagnostic safety in pediatrics 3 - Patient safety fundamentals 3 - Quality improvement (QI) methods 3 #### Ethics, Law, Consent & Safeguarding 75 Professional standards for consent, confidentiality, capacity, boundaries, documentation, reporting,... - Confidentiality, privacy, and mandated reporting concepts - Adolescent confidentiality (principles) 2 - Confidentiality principles in sexual and reproductive care 3 - Human trafficking awareness 3 - Mandatory reporting (conceptual, jurisdiction-dependent) 3 - Safeguarding: IPV and sexual violence 3 - Evidence-Based Practice, Research Literacy & Guideline Use - Applying guidelines to individuals 3 - Clinical ethics in evidence translation 2 - Critical appraisal of clinical studies 3 - Research integrity and publication ethics 3 - Statistics commonly tested 3 - Informed consent and refusal of care - Consent for learners and sensitive exams 4 - Consent in emergencies 2 - Elements of informed consent 4 - Procedural consent specifics 4 - Refusal of recommended treatment 4 - Patient Safety, Quality Improvement, and Risk Management - Clinical governance and incident reporting 3 - Medicolegal risk reduction 3 - Obstetric safety bundles (conceptual) 2 - Quality improvement methods 3 - Safety culture and error science 3 - Professionalism, Teamwork, Education & Wellbeing - Clinician wellbeing and burnout prevention 3 - Equity, diversity, and respectful care 4 - Interprofessional teamwork and communication 3 - Professional boundaries and social media 2 - Teaching and supervision (clinical educator basics) 3 #### Quality, Safety, and Systems (Foundational) 46 Basics of patient safety, quality improvement, infection control, and ED operations awareness. - ED operations and flow (intro) - Consultation pathways and transfer 3 - Discharge processes and health system navigation 3 - Equity and access in ED care 3 - Handoffs and staffing considerations 3 - Throughput basics 4 - Professionalism, wellness, and boundaries - Ethical prescribing and controlled substances 3 - Fatigue, burnout, and error risk 3 - Professional boundaries and social media awareness 2 - Professional conduct and accountability 4 - Teaching and supervision basics 3 - Patient safety fundamentals - Diagnostic error mitigation 3 - High-risk medications and dosing safety 2 - Incident reporting and learning systems 3 - Infection prevention and PPE 3 - Violence prevention and workplace safety 4 #### Specialist responsibility and professional judgment 121 Develops specialist-level ethical reasoning, shared decision-making, professional accountability, an... - Challenging communication and conflict - Anger and mistrust 3 - Functional disorders 5 - Interprofessional disagreement 2 - Serious diagnoses 3 - Clinical leadership and supervision - Service leadership 2 - Complex capacity and supported decision-making - Assessment 2 - High-stakes decisions 4 - Neurological capacity barriers 5 - Surrogate conflict 3 - Defensible clinical judgment and oral presentation - Case synthesis 3 - Ethical integration 6 - Investigation justification 5 - Management justification 4 - Reflective analysis 2 - Genetic and emerging-technology ethics - Family implications 6 - Incidental findings 2 - Neurotechnology 3 - Predictive genetics 4 - Medicolegal and public-safety practice - Documentation and liability 3 - Driving 5 - Expert reports 2 - Mandatory reporting 3 - Occupational risk 5 - Professional boundaries and clinician health - Conflicts of interest 3 - Resource allocation and equitable care - Allocation principles 2 - Disparities 3 - High-cost therapies 3 - Low-value care 1 - Safeguarding, autonomy, and restrictive care - Abuse and neglect 3 - Legal safeguards 4 - Restraint and sedation 3 - Risk and autonomy 3 - Self-harm risk 4 - Shared decisions under uncertainty - Decision documentation 2 - Low-certainty evidence 2 - Preference elicitation 3 - Risk communication 2 - Second opinions 1 ### Scholarship And Quality 58 questions #### Evidence appraisal, research, education, and quality improvement 58 Covers critical appraisal, research design, interpretation of clinical evidence, and translation of... - Bias, causal inference, and applicability - External validity 2 - Selection bias 2 - Biostatistics and effect interpretation - Descriptive statistics 2 - Effect measures 3 - Modeling 2 - Clinical research design - Diagnostic and prognostic studies 4 - Randomized trials 2 - Curriculum scope and blueprint stewardship - Neurology Advanced Pathway description 2 - Neurology Core Pathway description 3 - Speciality and intended use 2 - Version control and limitations 2 - Education, appraisal presentation, and service evaluation - Health economics and reflection 2 - Teaching design 2 - Evidence synthesis and guideline appraisal - Meta-analysis 2 - Neurological outcomes and research translation - Disease scales 4 - Implementation 3 - Measurement properties 2 - Outcome selection 3 - Surrogate outcomes 4 - Quality improvement and patient safety science - Neurology applications 5 - Research ethics, integrity, and data governance - AI and digital research 1 - Data protection 2 - Ethical approval 2 ### Special Populations 572 questions #### Adapted specialist care 176 Examines complex neurological care in children, adolescents, older adults, pregnancy, and patients w... - Adolescents and transition to adult services - Adherence and risk 3 - Developmental autonomy 4 - Participation 2 - Reproductive and sexual health 4 - Transition systems 1 - Complex neonatal and infant neurology - Encephalopathy 5 - Family and developmental care 1 - Hypotonia 5 - Seizures 5 - Urgent metabolic disease 1 - Complex pediatric epilepsy and neurodevelopment - Developmental comorbidity 2 - Epileptic encephalopathies 6 - Family-centered planning 1 - Precision treatment 3 - Severe motor disability 5 - Cultural, social, and access-related special needs - Accessibility 4 - Cultural and linguistic adaptation 3 - Migration and travel 3 - Resource-limited care 2 - Frailty and multimorbidity - Care planning 4 - Comprehensive assessment 3 - Diagnostic complexity 4 - Prescribing 4 - Treatment tradeoffs 4 - Intellectual disability and lifelong neurological impairment - Assessment adaptation 2 - Complex treatment 4 - Diagnostic overshadowing 2 - Rights and safeguarding 2 - Syndrome-specific risks 3 - Older adults with cognitive and movement disorders - Advanced treatment eligibility 5 - Behavior and safety 3 - Caregiver and legal needs 4 - Gait and falls 7 - Mixed cognitive pathology 6 - Pediatric acquired and inherited neurological disease - Inflammatory disease 6 - Movement and ataxia 5 - Neuromuscular disease 6 - Tumor and malformation 5 - Vascular disease 4 - Peripartum and postpartum neurology - Acute vascular disease 1 - Headache 5 - Infant and family safety 3 - Medication readjustment 5 - Seizures and eclampsia 3 - Preconception and pregnancy - Epilepsy management 1 - Investigation and intervention 4 - Neuroimmune disease 3 - Neuromuscular and inherited disease 4 - Risk planning 4 #### Advanced Special Population Integration 14 Category placeholder to maintain structure; see 'Special Populations (Advanced)' domain set above. - Integrated advanced special populations review - Critically ill neonate/child 3 - Geriatric frailty and anticoagulation complications 3 - High-risk pregnancy emergencies 3 - Immunocompromised/oncology emergencies 3 - Palliative and end-of-life care 2 #### Cultural, linguistic, and refugee mental health 17 Culturally safe care, interpreter use, trauma and displacement, and diagnostic adaptations. - Refugee trauma and complex needs - Care coordination with social/legal supports 5 - Pre-, peri-, post-migration stressors 4 - Cultural formulation and culturally bound expressions - Eliciting explanatory models 5 - Interpreter-mediated assessments 3 #### Geriatrics and Frailty (Core) 31 Atypical presentations, falls, delirium, polypharmacy, and disposition safety in older adults. - Atypical presentations and geriatric assessment - Atypical infection/ACS presentations 3 - Delirium recognition 3 - Disposition safety 3 - Frailty and functional assessment 4 - Polypharmacy and adverse drug events 3 - Falls and trauma in older adults - Disposition and safeguarding 3 - Head injury on anticoagulants 3 - Hip and pelvic fractures 4 - Rib fractures and respiratory compromise 2 - Syncope vs mechanical fall differentiation 3 #### High-Risk and Under-Served Groups (Advanced) 34 Clinical care tailored to specific physiologic and social contexts. - Care of patients with advanced cancer and comorbidities - Complications of therapy affecting other organs 4 - Decision-making under limited prognosis 2 - Infection risk management 4 - Transitions to hospice 3 - Patients with serious mental illness - Capacity and adherence challenges 3 - Delirium vs psychiatric symptom overlap 2 - Metabolic monitoring for antipsychotics 2 - Suicide risk in medical illness 3 - Patients with substance use disorders and complex illness - Hospital-based addiction care 3 - Infections related to injection drug use 3 - Pain management with OUD 3 - Trauma-informed care 2 #### Immunocompromised Patients (Core) 26 Oncology, transplant, HIV, and iatrogenic immunosuppression presentations and ED priorities. - Oncologic and therapy-related complications (intro) - Disposition 2 - Immunotherapy adverse events awareness 3 - Spinal cord compression awareness 3 - Thrombosis/PE risk in cancer 3 - Tumor lysis syndrome awareness 2 - Fever in immunocompromised patients - Disposition 2 - HIV and opportunistic infection awareness 3 - Neutropenic fever 2 - Steroid/biologic immunosuppression 3 - Transplant patient infection risk 3 #### Intellectual disability, autism, and communication differences 18 Adapting assessment and treatment for neurodevelopmental and cognitive differences across lifespan. - Challenging behavior and risk management - Positive behavior support planning 4 - Psychotropic use: target symptoms and monitoring 3 - Diagnostic overshadowing and medical contributors - Communication-adapted interviewing 6 - Pain, constipation, seizures, sleep problems 5 #### LGBTQ+ and gender-related mental health care 16 Affirming assessment, minority stress, gender dysphoria-related care principles, and psychiatric com... - Gender dysphoria care principles (within psychiatrist scope) - Assessment and comorbidity evaluation 4 - Collaborative care with gender-affirming services 5 - Minority stress and stigma-related mental health risks - Assessment of discrimination, violence, and support 4 - Suicide risk and protective interventions 3 #### Pediatrics 80 Age-specific assessment, stabilization, and high-risk pediatric presentations. - Febrile infant and pediatric sepsis (foundational) - Disposition 4 - Empiric antibiotics 5 - Initial evaluation 4 - Pitfalls 3 - Risk stratification concepts by age 4 - Pediatric assessment and physiology essentials - Age-adjusted vitals and shock recognition 4 - Fever and serious bacterial infection risk 5 - Pain assessment and analgesia 3 - Pediatric airway differences 4 - Safeguarding basics 5 - Pediatric dehydration and GI illness - Assessment of dehydration 4 - Disposition 3 - Electrolyte derangements awareness 4 - Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) 4 - When to suspect surgical abdomen 5 - Pediatric respiratory distress syndromes - Bronchiolitis 4 - Croup 4 - Disposition and family counseling 3 - Foreign body aspiration 3 - Pediatric asthma 5 #### Perinatal and reproductive psychiatry 16 Assessment and treatment planning around pregnancy, postpartum, lactation, and reproductive transiti... - PMDD and reproductive transitions - Diagnosis and treatment overview 4 - Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders - Medication risk-benefit counseling 4 - Safety planning and mother-infant considerations 3 - Screening and differential diagnosis 5 #### Pregnancy and Gynecologic Emergencies (Core) 86 Physiologic changes, early pregnancy complications, and common OB/GYN emergencies in the ED. - Second/third-trimester bleeding (overview) - Disposition and transfer 4 - Pitfalls 4 - Placenta previa/abruption awareness 5 - Postpartum hemorrhage awareness 5 - Preterm labor awareness 6 - First-trimester bleeding and ectopic pregnancy - Complications and pitfalls 5 - Disposition 4 - Initial evaluation 4 - Management pathways 5 - Ultrasound interpretation (conceptual) 4 - Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (core) - BP management principles 3 - Disposition 3 - HELLP syndrome awareness 3 - Magnesium sulfate therapy 3 - Preeclampsia/eclampsia recognition 5 - Pregnancy physiology and ED implications - Cardiovascular/respiratory changes 5 - Disposition and follow-up 4 - Laboratory and imaging considerations 6 - Resuscitation modifications 4 - Trauma considerations 4 #### Safeguarding, Social Determinants, and Vulnerable Groups 42 Discharge planning and safety for patients with social vulnerability or safeguarding needs. - Homelessness, substance use, and high-utilization care - Behavioral health comorbidity 4 - Documentation and ethical considerations 2 - Harm reduction in ED 2 - Linkage to care and follow-up 3 - Medical risks and barriers 3 - Patients with disabilities and communication barriers - Capacity and consent considerations 2 - Communication accommodations 2 - Discharge planning 2 - Pitfalls 3 - Safeguarding and abuse risk 2 - Domestic violence and sexual assault (core) - Forensic pathways awareness 3 - Mandatory reporting (contextual) 3 - Medical care essentials 4 - Safety planning and resources 4 - Trauma-informed care 3 #### Severe psychosocial vulnerability and marginalized contexts 16 Homelessness, incarceration, HIV, chronic pain, and other contexts requiring adapted and equitable c... - HIV and neuropsychiatric complications - Depression, cognitive impairment, medication interactions 5 - Incarcerated individuals and reentry planning (overview) - Continuity of care and medication access 3 - Chronic pain and opioid risk - Integrated pain and mental health care 4 - Homelessness and serious mental illness - 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